Muscle Pain: Symptoms, Causes and When to Seek Help

Muscle pain describes discomfort arising from one or more muscles. It can be sharp or dull, localised or widespread, and may develop suddenly or gradually. Most short-lived episodes are related to physical activity or minor injury; persistent or widespread muscle pain may need further evaluation.

Symptoms may include aching, cramping, stiffness, tenderness to touch, and reduced ability to use the affected muscles. Some people notice muscle spasm or twitching. Symptoms can vary from person to person and are often worse with movement or pressure on the muscle.

Common causes include overuse, unaccustomed exercise, poor posture, tension and stress. Other causes can include viral infections, certain medications, thyroid problems, autoimmune conditions and, less commonly, more serious muscle disorders.

Seek medical advice if muscle pain is severe, persistent, associated with weakness, swelling or dark-coloured urine, or if it develops after starting a new medication. Muscle pain with fever, rash or difficulty breathing should be assessed promptly.